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Multiple myeloma – Stages, prognosis, symptoms, and management options
Multiple myeloma is a rare health condition involving cancer of plasma cells. Plasma cells secrete immunoglobulin or antibodies responsible for fighting infections and boosting the immune system. Cancerous plasma cells begin developing in the bone marrow in patients with multiple myeloma. The exact causes of multiple myeloma are unknown; however, factors like benzene exposure, age, and specific ethnic backgrounds have been linked with it. This article analyzes various myeloma stages, prognosis, symptoms, and treatment options. Stages of Multiple Myeloma Multiple myeloma stages are typically classified using one of two distinct evaluation systems – the Durie-Salmon staging method and the International Staging System (ISS): Durie-Salmon staging This staging method classifies multiple myeloma into three stages based on factors such as the number of myeloma cells, hemoglobin and albumin counts, the amount of M-protein in one’s blood or urine, calcium levels in the blood, and the level of bone damage caused by myeloma cells. This method also classifies myeloma into Group A or Group B, wherein A indicates no damage to kidneys, whereas B implies kidney damage. A person could be classified as Stage IIB, for example. International Staging System (ISS) The following aspects are considered under ISS: Albumin levels The average albumin level is 3.5 to 5.5 mg/dL.